JEM-EUSO
Based on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) on the International Space Station ,JEM-EUSO is a new type of observatory that uses very large amounts of the Earth's atmosphere as a detector of the most energetic particles in the universe. JEM-EUSO (EUSO for "Extreme Universe Space Observatory") captures brief flashes of light in the earth's atmosphere caused by particles arriving from deep space. The key element of the sensor is a telescope that can detect particles with energy above 1019 eV. Every 90 minutes, JEM-EUSO revolves around the earth, mounted on the International Space Station (ISS) at an altitude of about 400 km.
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CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array or Cherenkov Telescope Network) is an initiative to build the new generation of Cherenkov telescopes to study the universe through very high energy gamma rays. These gamma rays bring us information of the most violent and extreme phenomena in the universe. CTA will operate as an open observatory providing coverage to a wide astrophysics community.
In recent years, based on earth ray astronomy has been greatly developed thanks to the results obtained with the current generation of Cherenkov telescopes, mainly HESS (Namibia), MAGIC (La Palma) and VERITAS (in USA). With about a hundred sources (TeVCat) detected at these energies, these telescopes are shedding light on the processes of acceleration of cosmic rays both on our galaxy sources (supernova remnants, pulsars, binary systems ...) and on extragalactic sources (active galaxies nucleus).
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The MAGIC Collaboration has built in 2001-2003 a first atmospheric image Cherenkov telescope MAGIC-I, with a mirror surface of 236 square meters and equipped with photomultiplier tubes with optimum efficiency. In 2009, a second telescope nearly the same characteristics, MAGIC-II, was installed at a distance of 85 meters from MAGIC-I. These telescopes are able to detect gamma energy thresholds lower than any existing detector gamma radiation. So far it has been reached a threshold of 25 GeV.
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Computer network security so in access as in data and information transfer, depends critically on the safety level provided the keys.
Conventional methods of public key cryptography based its security on the assumption that one attacker does not have computing power neither enough mathematical knowledge to decrypt the keys to an undetectable way by users. But these methods lose security as high-capacity computers become popular conventional calculation or when the new generation of quantum computers appear on the market which capacity increasing is orders of magnitude.
Quantum cryptography, based on the use of photon polarization or phase coded as computer codes, has emerged as a new alternative technology to the use of electronic bits, for the design of new informatic codes.